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May 21, 2012



June 5th In History: It Happened Today

The Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy

The Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy

The following is your daily snapshot of what happened on this day in history, June 5th. On this day in history, June 5, 1968, U.S. Presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy is shot at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California, by Sirhan Sirhan. He dies the very next day. Sirhan Sirhan allegedly murdered Robert Kennedy over his support for Israel in the Six-Day War. Kennedy, Attorney General in his brother’s administration, had been well on his way to securing the Democratic nomination for the 1968 presidential race.


BORN JUNE 5TH:
June 5, 1341 – Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, son of Edward III of England (d. 1402)
June 5, 1493 – Justus Jonas, German Protestant reformer (d. 1555)
June 5, 1523 – Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry (d. 1573)
June 5, 1553 – Bernardino Baldi, Italian mathematician (d. 1617)
June 5, 1554 – Elisabeth of Austria, queen consort of Charles IX of France (d. 1592)
June 5, 1640 – Pu Songling, Chinese writer (d. 1715)
June 5, 1660 – Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (d. 1744)
June 5, 1646 – Elena Cornaro Piscopia, Italian mathematician (d. 1684)
June 5, 1718 – Thomas Chippendale, English furniture maker (d. 1779)
June 5, 1723 – Adam Smith, Scottish economist (d. 1790)
June 5, 1757 – Pierre Jean George Cabanis, French physiologist (d. 1808)
June 5, 1760 – Johan Gadolin, Finnish scientist (d. 1852)
June 5, 1771 – Ernest Augustus I of Hanover (d. 1851)
June 5, 1781 – Christian August Lobeck, German scholar (d. 1860)
June 5, 1819 – John Couch Adams, English mathematician and astronomer (d. 1892)
June 5, 1850 – Pat Garrett, American Western lawman (d. 1908)
June 5, 1862 – Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1930)
June 5, 1868 – James Connolly, Irish socialist (d. 1916)
June 5, 1876 – Isaac Heinemann, German-born Israeli scholar and professor of classical literature (d. 1957)
June 5, 1876 – Tony Jackson, American musician (d. 1920)
June 5, 1877 – Willard Miller, American sailor (d. 1959)
June 5, 1878 – Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (d. 1923)
June 5, 1879 – Robert Mayer, German-born philanthropist (d. 1985)
June 5, 1879 – René Pottier, French cyclist (d. 1907)
June 5, 1883 – John Maynard Keynes, English economist (d. 1946)
June 5, 1884 – Ralph Benatzky, Czech composer (d. 1957)
June 5, 1894 – Roy Thomson, Lord Thomson of Fleet, English publisher (d. 1976)
June 5, 1895 – William Boyd, American actor (d. 1972)
June 5, 1898 – Salvatore Ferragamo, Italian shoemaker (d. 1960)
June 5, 1898 – Federico García Lorca, Spanish poet, lyricist and dramatist (d. 1936)
June 5, 1899 – Otis Barton, American deep-sea diver, inventor and actor (d. 1992)
June 5, 1900 – Dennis Gabor, Hungarian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
June 5, 1902 – Arthur Powell Davies, American religious minister (d. 1957)
June 5, 1905 – John Abbott, British actor (d. 1996)
June 5, 1905 – Jock Cameron, South African cricketer, Wisden COY 1936 (d. 1935)
June 5, 1912 – Dean Amadon, American ornithologist (d. 2003)
June 5, 1916 – Eddie Joost, American baseball player and manager
June 5, 1919 – Richard Scarry, American author/illustrator (d. 1994)
June 5, 1920 – Cornelius Ryan, Irish-American author (d. 1974)
June 5, 1923 – Jorge Daponte, Argentine racing driver (d. 1963)
June 5, 1923 – Daniel Pinkham, American composer, organist, and harpsichordist (d. 2006)
June 5, 1925 – Art Donovan, American football star
June 5, 1928 – Robert Lansing, American actor (d. 1994)
June 5, 1928 – Tony Richardson, British film director (d. 1991)
June 5, 1930 – Alifa Rifaat, Egyptian writer (d. 1996)
June 5, 1931 – Jacques Demy, French film director (d. 1990)
June 5, 1931 – Connie Hines, American actress (d. 2009)
June 5, 1931 – Jerzy Prokopiuk, Polish philosopher, antroposopher
June 5, 1932 – Christy Brown, Irish author (d. 1981)
June 5, 1934 – Bill Moyers, American journalist
June 5, 1937 – Hélène Cixous, French writer, poet
June 5, 1938 – Karin Balzer, German hurdler
June 5, 1939 – Joe Clark, sixteenth Prime Minister of Canada
June 5, 1939 – Margaret Drabble, English novelist
June 5, 1941 – Martha Argerich, Argentine pianist
June 5, 1941 – Erasmo Carlos, Brazilian singer and songwriter
June 5, 1941 – Spalding Gray, American actor and writer (d. 2004)
June 5, 1941 – Robert Kraft, American owner of the New England Patriots
June 5, 1942 – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Equatoguinean politician
June 5, 1943 – Matthew Lesko, American author
June 5, 1944 – Colm Wilkinson, Irish singer
June 5, 1945 – John Carlos, American athlete
June 5, 1945 – Patrick Head, English F1 technical director and team co-owner (WilliamsF1)
June 5, 1946 – John Bach, Welsh actor
June 5, 1946 – Freddie Stone, American guitarist (Sly & the Family Stone)
June 5, 1947 – Laurie Anderson, American performance artist
June 5, 1947 – Tom Evans, English musician (Badfinger) (d. 1983)
June 5, 1949 – Ken Follett, Welsh author
June 5, 1950 – J. J. Bittenbinder, American television host and author
June 5, 1950 – Ronnie Dyson, American singer and actor (d. 1990)


June 5, 1950 – Abraham Sarmiento, Jr., Filipino journalist & political activist (d. 1977)
June 5, 1951 – Suze Orman, American financial advisor, writer, and television personality
June 5, 1951 – Jill Biden, American educator and wife of Vice President Joe Biden
June 5, 1952 – Carole Fredericks, American singer (d. 2001)
June 5, 1952 – Daniel Katzen, American classical musician
June 5, 1952 – Nicko McBrain, English drummer (Iron Maiden)
June 5, 1953 – Kathleen Kennedy, American film producer
June 5, 1954 – Haluk Bilginer, Turkish actor
June 5, 1955 – Edino Nazareth Filho, Brazilian football player
June 5, 1956 – Richard Butler, English singer (The Psychedelic Furs)
June 5, 1956 – Kenny G, American saxophonist
June 5, 1958 – Avigdor Lieberman, Israeli politician
June 5, 1958 – Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, President of the Comoros
June 5, 1959 – Robert Lloyd, English musician (The Nightingales)
June 5, 1960 – Leslie Hendrix, American actress
June 5, 1960 – Margo Lanagan, Australian author
June 5, 1961 – Mary Kay Bergman, American voice actress (d. 1999)
June 5, 1961 – Anthony Burger, American musician and singer (d. 2006)
June 5, 1961 – Aldo Costa, Italian engineer
June 5, 1962 – Princess Astrid of Belgium
June 5, 1962 – Jeff Garlin, American comedian
June 5, 1963 – Joe Rudán, Hungarian heavy metal singer
June 5, 1964 – Lisa Cholodenko, American filmmaker
June 5, 1964 – Rick Riordan, American author
June 5, 1964 – Karl Sanders, American musician (Nile)
June 5, 1965 – Michael E. Brown, American astronomer
June 5, 1965 – Sandrine Piau, French soprano
June 5, 1967 – Joe DeLoach, American athlete
June 5, 1967 – Ray Lankford, American baseball player
June 5, 1967 – Ron Livingston, American actor
June 5, 1969 – Brian McKnight, American musician
June 5, 1970 – Martin Gelinas, Canadian hockey player
June 5, 1971 – Miyuki Komatsu, Japanese actress
June 5, 1971 – Susan Lynch, Northern Irish actress
June 5, 1971 – Takaya Tsubobayashi, Japanese racing driver
June 5, 1971 – Mark Wahlberg, American rapper and actor
June 5, 1972 – Mike Bucci, American professional wrestler
June 5, 1972 – Chuck Klosterman, American journalist
June 5, 1972 – Pavel Kotla, Polish conductor
June 5, 1973 – Lamon Brewster, American boxer
June 5, 1973 – Daniel Gildenlöw, Swedish musician and songwriter
June 5, 1973 – Galilea Montijo, Mexican actress
June 5, 1973 – Gella Vandecaveye, Belgian judoka
June 5, 1974 – Chad Allen, American actor
June 5, 1974 – Russ Ortiz, American baseball player
June 5, 1974 – P-Nut, American bassist (311)
June 5, 1975 – Žydrūnas Ilgauskas, Lithuanian basketball player
June 5, 1975 – Sandra Stals, Belgian athlete
June 5, 1976 – Giannis Giannoulis, Greek basketball player
June 5, 1976 – Torry Holt, American football player
June 5, 1976 – Ross Noble, English comedian
June 5, 1976 – Aesop Rock, American hip-hop artist
June 5, 1976 – Jack Ross, Scottish footballer
June 5, 1977 – Kristin Gore, American author and screenwriter
June 5, 1977 – Christian Martucci, American musician
June 5, 1977 – Nourhanne, Lebanese singer
June 5, 1977 – Navi Rawat, American actress
June 5, 1977 – Liza Weil, American actress
June 5, 1978 – Fernando Meira, Portuguese football player
June 5, 1979 – David Bisbal, Spanish singer
June 5, 1979 – Fraser Watts, Scottish cricketer
June 5, 1979 – Pete Wentz, American musician (Fall Out Boy)
June 5, 1979 – Jason White, American racing driver
June 5, 1980 – Mike Fisher, Canadian ice hockey player
June 5, 1980 – Sutee Suksomkit, Thai football player
June 5, 1981 – Jade Goody, British television personality (d. 2009)
June 5, 1981 – Sebastien Lefebvre, Canadian musician (Simple Plan)
June 5, 1982 – Dallas Cook, American musician (Suburban Legends)
June 5, 1982 – Baron Geisler, Filipino actor
June 5, 1983 – Bill Bray, American baseball player
June 5, 1983 – Marques Colston, American football player
June 5, 1984 – Robert Barbieri, Canadian-born Italian rugby player
June 5, 1985 – Ekaterina Bychkova, Russian tennis player
June 5, 1985 – Kenny De Ketele, Belgian cyclist
June 5, 1986 – Christian Baracat, German rugby player
June 5, 1986 – Dave Bolland, Canadian ice hockey player
June 5, 1986 – Amanda Crew, Canadian actress
June 5, 1986 – Vernon Gholston, American football player
June 5, 1987 – Charlie Clements, English actor
June 5, 1988 – Alessandro Salvi, Italian footballer
June 5, 1989 – Megumi Nakajima, Filipina-Japanese voice actress & singer
June 5, 1992 – Joazhiño Arroe, Peruvian footballer
June 5, 1992 – Emily Seebohm, Australian swimmer
June 5, 1995 – Troye Sivan, South African/Australian actor and singer
June 5, 2005 – Irene Urdangarín y de Borbón, granddaughter of King Juan Carlos I of Spain

DIED JUNE 5TH:
June 5, 301 – Sima Lun, Chinese usurper
June 5, 535 – Epiphanius of Constantinople, patriarch of Constantinople
June 5, 1017 – Emperor Sanjō of Japan (b. 976)
June 5, 1118 – Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester (b. 1049)
June 5, 1296 – Edmund Crouchback, son of Henry III of England (b. 1245)
June 5, 1316 – King Louis X of France (b. 1289)
June 5, 1383 – Dmitry Konstantinovich, Russian prince (b. 1324)
June 5, 1568 – Lamoral, Count of Egmont, Flemish general and statesman (b. 1522)
June 5, 1625 – Orlando Gibbons, English composer (b. 1583)
June 5, 1667 – Pietro Sforza Pallavicino, Italian cardinal and historian (b. 1607)
June 5, 1688 – Constantine Phaulkon, Greek adventurer (b. 1667)
June 5, 1716 – Roger Cotes, English mathematician (b. 1682)
June 5, 1722 – Johann Kuhnau, German composer, organist, and harpsichordist (b. 1660)
June 5, 1738 – Isaac de Beausobre, French Protestant pastor (b. 1659)
June 5, 1791 – Frederick Haldimand, Swiss-born colonial governor (b. 1718)
June 5, 1816 – Giovanni Paisiello, Italian composer (b. 1741)
June 5, 1819 – Bodawpaya, King of Burma (b. 1745)
June 5, 1825 – Odysseas Androutsos, national hero in the Greek War of Independence (b. 1788)
June 5, 1826 – Carl Maria von Weber, German composer (b. 1786)
June 5, 1866 – John McDouall Stuart, Australian explorer (b. 1815)
June 5, 1900 – Stephen Crane, American author (b. 1871)
June 5, 1902 – Louis J. Weichmann, American witness in Abraham Lincoln assassination trial (b. 1842)
June 5, 1906 – Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann, German philosopher (b. 1842)
June 5, 1910 – O. Henry, American author (b. 1862)
June 5, 1913 – Chris von der Ahe, German-born baseball pioneer (b. 1851)
June 5, 1916 – Lord Horatio Kitchener, British field marshal (b. 1850)
June 5, 1920 – Rhoda Broughton, Welsh author (b. 1840)
June 5, 1921 – Georges Feydeau, French playwright (b. 1862)
June 5, 1930 – Pascin, Bulgarian painter (b. 1885)
June 5, 1967 – Arthur Biram, Israeli philosopher and educator, and Israel Prize recipient (b. 1878)
June 5, 1975 – Paul Keres, Estonian chess player (b. 1916)
June 5, 1976 – Violet Wilkey, American actress (b. 1903)
June 5, 1993 – Conway Twitty, American musician (b. 1933)
June 5, 1998 – Jeanette Nolan, American actress (b. 1911)
June 5, 1998 – Sam Yorty, American mayor of Los Angeles (b. 1909)
June 5, 1999 – Mel Tormé, American singer, composer, and actor (b. 1925)
June 5, 2000 – Don Liddle, American baseball player (b. 1925)
June 5, 2001 – Pedro Laín Entralgo, Spanish medical researcher and humanist (b. 1908)
June 5, 2002 – Gwen Plumb, Australian actress (b. 1912)
June 5, 2002 – Dee Dee Ramone, American bassist (The Ramones) (b. 1951)
June 5, 2003 – Jürgen Möllemann, German politician (b. 1945)
June 5, 2003 – Manuel Rosenthal, French composer and conductor (b. 1904)
June 5, 2004 – Iona Brown, British violinist and conductor (b. 1941)
June 5, 2004 – Ronald Reagan, 40th President of the United States (b. 1911)
June 5, 2005 – Susi Nicoletti, German actress (b. 1918)
June 5, 2005 – Adolfo Aguilar Zínser, Mexican politician (b. 1949)
June 5, 2006 – Frederick Franck, American artist and writer (b. 1909)
June 5, 2007 – Povel Ramel, Swedish entertainer (b. 1922)
June 5, 2009 – Jeff Hanson, American singer-songwriter (b. 1978)
June 5, 2009 – Boris Pokrovsky, Russian operatic stage director (b. 1912)

JUNE 5TH MEMORABLE EVENTS:
June 5, 70 – Titus and his Roman legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem.
June 5, 1257 – Kraków, Poland receives city rights.
June 5, 1798 – The Battle of New Ross: The attempt to spread United Irish Rebellion into Munster is defeated.
June 5, 1817 – The first Great Lakes steamer, the Frontenac, is launched.
June 5, 1829 – HMS Pickle captures the armed slave ship Voladora off the coast of Cuba.
June 5, 1832 – The June Rebellion breaks out in Paris in an attempt to overthrow the monarchy of Louis-Philippe.
June 5, 1837 – Houston, Texas is incorporated by the Republic of Texas.
June 5, 1849 – Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy by the signing of a new constitution.
June 5, 1851 – Harriet Beecher Stowe’s anti-slavery serial, Uncle Tom’s Cabin or, Life Among the Lowly starts a ten-month run in the National Era abolitionist newspaper.
June 5, 1862 – As the Treaty of Saigon is signed, ceding parts of southern Vietnam to France, the guerrilla leader Truong Dinh decides to defy Emperor Tu Duc of Vietnam and fight on against the Europeans.
June 5, 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Piedmont: Union forces under General David Hunter defeat a Confederate army at Piedmont, Virginia, taking nearly 1,000 prisoners.
June 5, 1883 – The first regularly scheduled Orient Express departs Paris.
June 5, 1888 – The Rio de la Plata Earthquake takes place.
June 5, 1900 – Second Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria.
June 5, 1915 – Denmark amends its constitution to allow women’s suffrage.
June 5, 1916 – Louis Brandeis is sworn in as a Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
June 5, 1917 – World War I: Conscription begins in the United States as “Army registration day”.
June 5, 1933 – The U.S. Congress abrogates the United States’ use of the gold standard by enacting a joint resolution (48 Stat. 112) nullifying the right of creditors to demand payment in gold.
June 5, 1941 – Four thousand Chongqing residents are asphyxiated in a bomb shelter during the Bombing of Chongqing.
June 5, 1942 – World War II: United States declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania.
June 5, 1944 – World War II: More than 1000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day.
June 5, 1945 – The Allied Control Council, the military occupation governing body of Germany, formally takes power.
June 5, 1946 – A fire in the LaSalle Hotel in Chicago, Illinois kills 61 people.
June 5, 1947 – Marshall Plan: In a speech at Harvard University, United States Secretary of State George Marshall calls for economic aid to war-torn Europe.
June 5, 1949 – Thailand elects Orapin Chaiyakan, the first Thai female member of Thailand’s Parliament.
June 5, 1956 – Elvis Presley introduces his new single, “Hound Dog”, on The Milton Berle Show, scandalizing the audience with his suggestive hip movements.
June 5, 1959 – The first government of the State of Singapore is sworn in.
June 5, 1963 – British Secretary of State for War John Profumo resigns in a sex scandal known as the Profumo Affair.
June 5, 1963 – Movement of 15 Khordad: Protest against arrest of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini by Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In several cities, masses of angry demonstrators are confronted by tanks and paratroopers.
June 5, 1964 – DSV Alvin is commissioned.
June 5, 1967 – Six-Day War begins: The Israeli air force launches simultaneous pre-emptive attacks on the air forces of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.
June 5, 1968 – U.S. presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy is shot at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California by Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan. Kennedy dies the next day.
June 5, 1969 – The International communist conference begins in Moscow.
June 5, 1975 – The Suez Canal opens for the first time since the Six-Day War.
June 5, 1975 – The United Kingdom holds its first and only country-wide referendum, on remaining in the European Economic Community (EEC).
June 5, 1976 – Collapse of the Teton Dam in Idaho, United States.
June 5, 1977 – A coup takes place in Seychelles.
June 5, 1977 – The Apple II, one of the first personal computers, goes on sale.
June 5, 1981 – The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that five people in Los Angeles, California have a rare form of pneumonia seen only in patients with weakened immune systems, in what turns out to be the first recognized cases of AIDS.
June 5, 1984 – Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi orders an attack on the Golden Temple, the holiest site of the Sikh religion.
June 5, 1989 – The Unknown Rebel halts the progress of a column of advancing tanks for over half an hour after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
June 5, 1995 – The Bose-Einstein condensate is first created.
June 5, 1998 – A strike begins at the General Motors parts factory in Flint, Michigan, that quickly spreads to five other assembly plants (the strike lasted seven weeks).
June 5, 2001 – Tropical Storm Allison makes landfall on the upper-Texas coastline as a strong tropical storm and dumps large amounts of rain over Houston. The storm caused $5.5 billion in damages, making Allison the costliest tropical storm in U.S. history.
June 5, 2003 – A severe heat wave across Pakistan and India reaches its peak, as temperatures exceed 50°C (122°F) in the region.
June 5, 2006 – Serbia declares independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.

MEMORABLE QUOTE:
“Politics is supposed to be the second oldest profession. I have come to realize that it bears a very close resemblance to the first.” (Ronald Reagan)



11 Fascinating Facts About the Empire State Building

The Empire State Building, the Tallest Building in New York City

The Empire State Building, the Tallest Building in New York City

The 102-story New York City landmark know as the ” Empire State Building” is located at the intersection of Fifth Avenue and West 34th Street (350 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10118) and was the tallest building in the world from 1931 to 1971. Following the destruction of the World Trade Center in 2001, the Empire State Building once again became the tallest building in New York City. Construction of the building was completed in 1931.


11 FASCINATING FACTS ABOUT THE EMPIRE STATE BUILDING

1. 10 million: the number of bricks in the Empire State Building.

2. 410: the number of days it took to build the Empire State Building.

3. 45: the number of seconds it takes to ride the elevator from the lobby to the 80th floor of the Empire State Building.

4. 4: the number of months (from June to September, 1931) that the 102nd floor of the Empire State Building operated as an Air blimp terminal.

5. 9 minutes, 33 seconds: the time it took Paul Crake (winner of the 2003 ESB Run-Up) to race up the 1,576 stairs that lead from the lobby to the 86th floor in the Empire State Building, the fastest time to date.

6. $550 million: the cost of the renovation the Empire State Building is currently undergoing, with $120 million utilized in an effort to transform the building into a more energy efficient and eco-friendly structure.

7. 102: the number of floors in the Empire State Building.

8. 2,768,591 sq ft (257,211 m2): the total floor area within the Empire State Building.

9. 1,454 ft (443.2 m): the height of  the Empire State Building to the antenna spire; 1,250 ft (381.0 m) to the roof; 1,224 ft (373.2 m) to the top floor.

10. $40,948,900: the cost to build the Empire State Building.

11. November 17, 1982: date the Empire State Building was added to the  National Register of Historic Places.



June 4th In History: It Happened Today

Tiananmen Square Massacre

Tiananmen Square Massacre

The following is your daily snapshot of what happened on this day in history, June 4th. On this day in history, June 4, 1989, tanks roll in to suppress the Tiananmen Square protests. The subsequent massacre is covered live on television. For weeks before the event, Chinese students had been protesting peacefully in Tiananmen Square for democratic change.


BORN JUNE 4TH:
June 4, 1394 – Philippa of England, queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (d. 1430)
June 4, 1489 – Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1544)
June 4, 1604 – Claudia de’ Medici, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1648)
June 4, 1665 – Zacharie Robutel de La Noue, Canadian soldier (d. 1733)
June 4, 1694 – François Quesnay, French economist (d. 1774)
June 4, 1704 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer (d. 1776)
June 4, 1738 – King George III of Great Britain (d. 1820)
June 4, 1744 – Patrick Ferguson, Scots army officer and rifle designer (d. 1780)
June 4, 1754 – Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach, Austrian editor and astronomer (d. 1832)
June 4, 1787 – Constant Prévost, French geologist (d. 1856)
June 4, 1801 – James Pennethorne, English architect (d. 1871)
June 4, 1821 – Apollon Maykov, Russian poet (d. 1897)
June 4, 1829 – Jinmaku Kyūgorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 12th Yokozuna (d. 1903)
June 4, 1866 – Miina Sillanpää, Finnish politician (d. 1952)
June 4, 1867 – C.G.E. Mannerheim, Marshal, Supreme Commander and later President of Finland (d. 1951)
June 4, 1877 – Heinrich Wieland, German biochemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1957)
June 4, 1879 – Mabel Lucie Attwell, English children’s author and illustrator (d. 1964)
June 4, 1880 – Clara Blandick, American actress (d. 1962)
June 4, 1881 – Natalia Goncharova, Russian painter (d. 1962)
June 4, 1887 – Tom Longboat, marathon runner (d. 1949)
June 4, 1894 – Madame Bolduc, French Canadian singer (d. 1941)
June 4, 1899 – Hassan Fathy, Egyptian architect (d. 1989)
June 4, 1901 – Ir. Soekarno, the first president of the Republic of Indonesia (d. 1967)
June 4, 1904 – Bhagat Puran Singh, Punjabi social activist (d. 1992)
June 4, 1907 – Jacques Roumain, Haitian writer (d. 1944)
June 4, 1907 – Rosalind Russell, American actress (d. 1976)
June 4, 1907 – Patience Strong, English poet and journalist (d. 1990)
June 4, 1910 – Christopher Sydney Cockerell, British engineer and inventor (d. 1999)
June 4, 1912 – Robert Jacobsen, Danish artist (d. 1993)
June 4, 1916 – Robert F. Furchgott, American chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 2009)
June 4, 1916 – Fernand Leduc, Canadian painter (The Automatistes)
June 4, 1917 – Robert Merrill, American baritone (d. 2004)
June 4, 1921 – Emilio Komar, Slovenian-born Argentine philosopher (d. 2006)
June 4, 1921 – Bobby Wanzer, American professional basketball player and coach
June 4, 1923 – Elizabeth Jolley, Australian writer (d. 2007)
June 4, 1924 – Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Samoa (d. 1999)
June 4, 1924 – Dennis Weaver, American actor (d. 2006)
June 4, 1926 – Robert Earl Hughes, American man who became the heaviest known human (d. 1958)
June 4, 1927 – Henning Carlsen, Danish film director
June 4, 1927 – Geoffrey Palmer, English actor
June 4, 1928 – Ruth Westheimer, German-born American sex therapist and author
June 4, 1929 – Karolos Papoulias, Greek politician
June 4, 1930 – Morgana King, American actress
June 4, 1930 – Viktor Tikhonov, Russian hockey player and coach
June 4, 1932 – John Drew Barrymore, American actor (d. 2004)
June 4, 1932 – Oliver Nelson, American jazz composer and arranger (d. 1975)
June 4, 1932 – Maurice Shadbolt, New Zealand writer
June 4, 1934 – Seamus Elliott, Irish cyclist (d. 1971)
June 4, 1935 – Colette Boky, Quebec operatic soprano
June 4, 1936 – Nutan Behl, Indian actress (d. 1991)
June 4, 1936 – Bruce Dern, American actor
June 4, 1937 – Freddy Fender, American musician (d. 2006)
June 4, 1937 – Robert Fulghum, American author
June 4, 1937 – Gorilla Monsoon, American professional wrestler (d. 1999)
June 4, 1937 – Mortimer Zuckerman, American publisher
June 4, 1938 – Art Mahaffey, American baseball player
June 4, 1940 – Ludwig Schwarz, Austrian bishop
June 4, 1941 – Kenneth G. Ross, Australian playwright and screenwriter
June 4, 1942 – Louis Reichardt, American mountaineer
June 4, 1943 – Joyce Meyer, American religious leader
June 4, 1944 – Michelle Phillips, American singer (The Mamas & the Papas) and actress
June 4, 1945 – Anthony Braxton, American composer and instrumentalist
June 4, 1945 – Gordon Waller, Scottish musician (Peter and Gordon) (d. 2009)
June 4, 1947 – Viktor Klima, Chancellor of Austria
June 4, 1948 – Bob Champion, English jockey
June 4, 1948 – Jurgen Sparwasser, German footballer
June 4, 1949 – Gabriel Arcand, French Canadian actor
June 4, 1949 – Lou Macari, Scottish footballer
June 4, 1950 – Dagmar Krause, German singer (Slapp Happy, Henry Cow, Art Bears)
June 4, 1950 – George Noory, American radio personality
June 4, 1950 – Kevin Woodford, English celebrity chef


June 4, 1951 – Wendy Pini, American comic book writer and artist
June 4, 1952 – Bronisław Komorowski, Marshal of the Polish Sejm and acting President of Poland
June 4, 1952 – Parker Stevenson, American actor and director
June 4, 1953 – Linda Lingle, 6th Governor of Hawaii
June 4, 1953 – Jimmy McCulloch, Scottish musician (d. 1979)
June 4, 1953 – Susumu Ojima, Japanese entrepreneur (Huser)
June 4, 1953 – Paul Samson, British guitarist (Samson) (d. 2002)
June 4, 1955 – Val McDermid, Scottish writer
June 4, 1955 – Paul Stewart, English writer
June 4, 1955 – Mary Testa, American stage actress
June 4, 1956 – Martin Adams, English darts player
June 4, 1956 – Keith David, American actor
June 4, 1956 – John Hockenberry, American journalist
June 4, 1956 – Terry Kennedy, American baseball player
June 4, 1956 – Gerry Ryan, Irish radio talkshow host (d. 2010)
June 4, 1957 – Yoon Suk-ho, South Korean director
June 4, 1957 – John Treacy, Irish athlete
June 4, 1958 – Eddie Velez, American Actor
June 4, 1959 – Juan Camacho, Bolivian long-distance runner
June 4, 1960 – Bradley Walsh, British actor
June 4, 1960 – Miloš Đelmaš, Serbian footballer
June 4, 1961 – El DeBarge, American singer (DeBarge)
June 4, 1961 – Ferenc Gyurcsány, 6th Prime Minister of Hungary
June 4, 1962 – Zenon Jaskuła, Polish cyclist
June 4, 1962 – Krzysztof Holowczyc, Polish rally driver
June 4, 1962 – John P. Kee, American gospel singer
June 4, 1963 – Xavier McDaniel, American basketball player
June 4, 1964 – Koji Yamamura Japanese Animator
June 4, 1964 – Sean Pertwee, English actor
June 4, 1965 – Mick Doohan, Australian motorcycle racer
June 4, 1965 – Andrea Jaeger, American tennis player
June 4, 1966 – Cecilia Bartoli, Italian mezzo-soprano
June 4, 1966 – Vladimir Voevodsky, Russian mathematician
June 4, 1967 – Robert Shane Kimbrough, American astronaut
June 4, 1968 – Al B. Sure, American R&B singer
June 4, 1968 – Scott Wolf, American actor
June 4, 1969 – Horatio Sanz, Chilean-born comedian
June 4, 1970 – Richie Hawtin, Canadian musician
June 4, 1970 – David Pybus, British musician
June 4, 1970 – Izabella Scorupco, Polish actress
June 4, 1971 – James Callis, British actor
June 4, 1971 – Joseph Kabila, Congolese politician
June 4, 1971 – Mike Lee, American politician, junior senator from Utah
June 4, 1971 – Shōji Meguro, Japanese composer
June 4, 1971 – Noah Wyle, American actor
June 4, 1972 – Nikka Costa, American singer
June 4, 1972 – Derian Hatcher, American ice hockey player
June 4, 1972 – Joe Hill, American writer
June 4, 1972 – Rob Huebel, American comedian
June 4, 1973 – Mikey Whipwreck, American professional wrestler
June 4, 1974 – Darin Erstad, American baseball player
June 4, 1974 – Andrew Gwynne, British politician
June 4, 1974 – Stefan Lessard, American musician
June 4, 1974 – Buddy Wakefield, American poet
June 4, 1975 – Russell Brand, British comedian, actor and television personality
June 4, 1975 – Henry Burris, American football player
June 4, 1975 – Angelina Jolie, American actress
June 4, 1976 – Kasey Chambers, Australian alternative country singer-songwriter
June 4, 1976 – Nenad Zimonjić, Serbian tennis player
June 4, 1977 – Dionisis Chiotis, Greek footballer
June 4, 1977 – Quinten Hann, Australian snooker player
June 4, 1977 – Berglind Icey, Icelandic actor
June 4, 1977 – Alex Manninger, Austrian footballer
June 4, 1977 – Roman Miroshnichenko, Ukrainian guitarist
June 4, 1979 – Naohiro Takahara, Japanese footballer
June 4, 1979 – Daniel Vickerman, Australian rugby union player
June 4, 1980 – François Beauchemin, Canadian ice hockey player
June 4, 1981 – T. J. Miller, American actor and comedian
June 4, 1981 – Giourkas Seitaridis, Greek footballer
June 4, 1982 – Jamie Dornan, Irish model and actor
June 4, 1982 – Jin, American rapper
June 4, 1982 – Ronnie Prude, American football player
June 4, 1983 – Emmanuel Eboué, Ivorian footballer
June 4, 1983 – Koffi Ndri Romaric, Ivorian footballer
June 4, 1984 – Kento Handa, Japanese actor
June 4, 1984 – Jenaveve Jolie, American pornographic actress
June 4, 1984 – Enrico Rossi Chauvenet, Italian footballer
June 4, 1984 – Ian White, Canadian hockey player
June 4, 1984 – Rainie Yang, Taiwanese singer and actress
June 4, 1984 – Ana Carolina Reston, Brazilian fashion model (d. 2006)
June 4, 1985 – Evan Lysacek, American 2010 Olympic champion figure skater
June 4, 1985 – Lukas Podolski, German footballer
June 4, 1985 – Alicja Janosz, Polish singer
June 4, 1985 – Bar Refaeli, Israeli model
June 4, 1985 – Oddvar Reiakvam, Norwegian politician
June 4, 1986 – Shane Kippel, Canadian actor
June 4, 1986 – Micky, South Korean singer (TVXQ)
June 4, 1986 – Tori Praver, American model
June 4, 1987 – Mollie King, British singer (The Saturdays)
June 4, 1989 – Federico Erba, Italian footballer
June 4, 1989 – Eldar Gasimov, Azerbaijani singer
June 4, 1991 – Kathryn Prescott, British actress
June 4, 1991 – Megan Prescott, British actress
June 4, 1992 – Dino Jelusić, Croatian singer

DIED JUNE 4TH:
June 4, 1039 – Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor
June 4, 1135 – Emperor Huizong of China (b. 1082)
June 4, 1206 – Adèle of Champagne, wife of Louis VII of France
June 4, 1257 – Duke Przemysl I of Poland
June 4, 1394 – Mary de Bohun, wife of Henry IV of England (b. c 1369)
June 4, 1463 – Flavio Biondo, Italian humanist (b. 1392)
June 4, 1585 – Muretus, French humanist (b. 1526)
June 4, 1663 – William Juxon, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1582)
June 4, 1798 – Giacomo Casanova, Italian womanizer and writer (b. 1725)
June 4, 1801 – Frederick Muhlenberg, American statesman (b. 1750)
June 4, 1830 – Antonio José de Sucre, Great Marshall of Ayacucho (b. 1795)
June 4, 1872 – Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Dutch politician (b. 1798)
June 4, 1875 – Eduard Mörike, German poet (b. 1804)
June 4, 1922 – William Halse Rivers Rivers, English doctor (b. 1864)
June 4, 1926 – Fred Spofforth, Australian cricketer (b. 1853)
June 4, 1928 – Zhang Zuolin, Chinese warlord (b. 1873)
June 4, 1929 – Harry Frazee, Boston Red Sox owner from 1916-1923 (b. 1881)
June 4, 1939 – Tommy Ladnier, American musician (b. 1900)
June 4, 1941 – Wilhelm II of Germany, German emperor (b. 1859)
June 4, 1942 – Reinhard Heydrich, German SS senior officer and Nazi official (b. 1904)
June 4, 1951 – Serge Koussevitsky, Russian conductor (b. 1874)
June 4, 1956 – Katherine MacDonald, American actress (b. 1881)
June 4, 1962 – Clem McCarthy, American sportscaster (b. 1882)
June 4, 1964 – Samuil Marshak, Russian poet (b. 1887)
June 4, 1968 – Dorothy Gish, American actress (b. 1898)
June 4, 1970 – Sonny Tufts, American actor (b. 1911)
June 4, 1971 – Georg Lukács, Hungarian philosopher (b. 1885)
June 4, 1973 – Maurice René Fréchet, French mathematician (b. 1878)
June 4, 1973 – Murry Wilson, father of Brian Wilson, Dennis Wilson and Carl Wilson (b. 1917)
June 4, 1989 – Dik Browne, American cartoonist (b. 1917)
June 4, 1992 – Carl Stotz, American Little League founder (b. 1910)
June 4, 1994 – Derek Leckenby, British guitarist (Herman’s Hermits) (b. 1943)
June 4, 1994 – Massimo Troisi, Italian actor (b. 1953)
June 4, 1997 – Ronnie Lane, British bass player (b. 1946)
June 4, 2001 – Dipendra of Nepal (b. 1971)
June 4, 2001 – John Hartford, American musician (b. 1937)
June 4, 2002 – Fernando Belaúnde Terry, Peruvian politician (b. 1912)
June 4, 2004 – Steve Lacy, American saxophonist (b. 1934)
June 4, 2004 – Nino Manfredi, Italian actor (b. 1921)
June 4, 2004 – Marvin Heemeyer, American muffler owner (b. 1952)
June 4, 2007 – Clete Boyer, American baseball player (b. 1937)
June 4, 2007 – Jim Clark, American sheriff and segregationist (b. 1922)
June 4, 2007 – Bill France Jr., NASCAR pioneer (b. 1933)
June 4, 2007 – Sotiris Moustakas, Greek actor (b. 1940)
June 4, 2007 – Freddie Scott, American singer and songwriter (b. 1933)
June 4, 2007 – Craig L. Thomas, United States Senator (b. 1933)
June 4, 2008 – Nikos Sergianopoulos, Greek actor (b. 1952)
June 4, 2010 – John Wooden, American basketball player and coach (b. 1910)

JUNE 4TH MEMORABLE EVENTS:
June 4, 781 BC – The first historic solar eclipse is recorded in China.
June 4, 1039 – Henry III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
June 4, 1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh establishes the first English colony on Roanoke Island, old Virginia (now North Carolina).
June 4, 1615 – Siege of Osaka: Forces under the shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu take Osaka Castle in Japan.
June 4, 1760 – Great Upheaval: New England planters arrive to claim land in Nova Scotia, Canada taken from the Acadians.
June 4, 1783 – The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière (hot air balloon).
June 4, 1792 – Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for the Kingdom of Great Britain.
June 4, 1794 – British troops capture Port-au-Prince in Haiti.
June 4, 1802 – Grieving over the death of his wife, Marie Clotilde of France, King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia abdicates his throne in favor of his brother, Victor Emmanuel.
June 4, 1812 – Following Louisiana’s admittance as a U.S. state, the Louisiana Territory is renamed the Missouri Territory.
June 4, 1825 – French American Revolutionary War General Lafayette speaks at what would become Lafayette Square, Buffalo, during his visit to the United States.
June 4, 1859 – Italian Independence wars: In the Battle of Magenta, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeat the Austrian army.
June 4, 1862 – American Civil War: Confederate troops evacuate Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River, leaving the way clear for Union troops to take Memphis, Tennessee.
June 4, 1876 – An express train called the Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, California, via the First Transcontinental Railroad only 83 hours and 39 minutes after leaving New York City.
June 4, 1878 – Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title.
June 4, 1896 – Henry Ford completes the Ford Quadricycle, his first gasoline-powered automobile, and gives it a successful test run.
June 4, 1912 – Massachusetts becomes the first state of the United States to set a minimum wage.
June 4, 1913 – Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of King George V’s horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She is trampled, never regains consciousness and dies a few days later.
June 4, 1917 – The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded: Laura E. Richards, Maude H. Elliott, and Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer for biography (for Julia Ward Howe). Jean Jules Jusserand receives the first Pulitzer for history for his work With Americans of Past and Present Days. Herbert B. Swope receives the first Pulitzer for journalism for his work for the New York World.
June 4, 1919 – Women’s rights: The U.S. Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantees suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification.
June 4, 1920 – Hungary loses 71% of its territory and 63% of its population when the Treaty of Trianon is signed in Paris.
June 4, 1928 – President of the Republic of China Zhang Zuolin is assassinated by Japanese agents.
June 4, 1939 – Holocaust: The MS St. Louis, a ship carrying 963 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida, United States, after already being turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, more than 200 of its passengers later die in Nazi concentration camps.
June 4, 1940 – World War II: The Dunkirk evacuation ends – British forces complete evacuation of 300,000 troops from Dunkirk in France.
June 4, 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Midway begins. Japanese Admiral Chuichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island by much of the Imperial Japanese navy.
June 4, 1943 – A military coup in Argentina ousts Ramón Castillo.
June 4, 1944 – World War II: A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the German submarine U-505 – the first time a U.S. Navy vessel had captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.
June 4, 1944 – World War II: Rome falls to the Allies, the first Axis capital to fall.
June 4, 1957 – Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous Power of Nonviolence speech at the University of California, Berkeley.
June 4, 1965 – Duane Earl Pope robbed the Farmers’ State Bank of Big Springs, Nebraska, killing three people execution style and severely wounding a fourth. The crime landed Pope on the FBI Ten Most Wanted list.
June 4, 1967 – Stockport Air Disaster: British Midland flight G-ALHG crashes in Hopes Carr, Stockport, killing 72 passengers and crew.
June 4, 1970 – Tonga gains independence from the United Kingdom.
June 4, 1973 – A patent for the ATM is granted to Donald Wetzel, Tom Barnes and George Chastain.
June 4, 1974 – During Ten Cent Beer Night, inebriated Cleveland Indians fans start a riot, causing the game to be forfeited to the Texas Rangers.
June 4, 1979 – Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings takes power in Ghana after a military coup in which General Fred Akuffo is overthrown.
June 4, 1986 – Jonathan Pollard pleads guilty to espionage for selling top secret United States military intelligence to Israel.
June 4, 1989 – Ali Khamenei is elected the new Supreme Leader of Islamic republic of Iran by the Assembly of Experts after the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
June 4, 1989 – The Tiananmen Square protests are violently ended in Beijing by the People’s Liberation Army.
June 4, 1989 – Solidarity’s victory in the first (somewhat) free parliamentary elections in post-war Poland sparks off a succession of peaceful anti-communist revolutions in Eastern Europe, leads to the creation of the so-called Contract Sejm and begins the Autumn of Nations.
June 4, 1989 – Ufa train disaster: A natural gas explosion near Ufa, Russia, kills 575 as two trains passing each other throw sparks near a leaky pipeline.
June 4, 1996 – The first flight of Ariane 5 explodes after roughly 20 seconds. It was a Cluster mission.
June 4, 1998 – Terry Nichols is sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing.
June 4, 2001 – Gyanendra, the last King of Nepal, ascends to the throne after the massacre in the Royal Palace.

MEMORABLE QUOTES:
“In China, a million people is still only a small number.” (Den Xiaoping, after the Tiananmen Square Massacre)



June 3rd In History: It Happened Today

HMAS Melbourne Collision

HMAS Melbourne Collision

The following is your daily snapshot of what happened on this day in history, June 3rd. On this day in history, June 3, 1969, the HMAS Melbourne aircraft carrier collided with U.S. Navy Destroyer USS Frank E. Evans off South Vietnam. Most of the 272 men on board the USS Frank E. Evans were asleep when the collision occurred at 3:15am. A short time before, the Australian aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne had signaled the smaller American destroyer to take up position behind the carrier. But despite having well-rehearsed procedures for such a manoeuvre, the Frank E. Evans moved across the path of the carrier.


BORN JUNE 3RD:
June 3, 1537 – John Manuel, Prince of Portugal (d. 1554)
June 3, 1540 – Charles II of Austria (d. 1590)
June 3, 1635 – Philippe Quinault, French writer (d. 1688)
June 3, 1636 – John Hale, pastor during the Salem witch hunt (d.1700)
June 3, 1659 – David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (d. 1708)
June 3, 1723 – Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, Italian-born naturalist (d. 1788)
June 3, 1726 – James Hutton, Scottish geologist (d. 1797)
June 3, 1770 – Manuel Belgrano, Argentine politician (d. 1820)
June 3, 1808 – Jefferson Davis, American politician and President of the Confederate States of America (d. 1889)
June 3, 1818 – Louis Faidherbe, French general (d. 1889)
June 3, 1819 – Anton Anderledy, Swiss Superior General of the Society of Jesus (d. 1892)
June 3, 1832 – Alexandre Charles Lecocq, French composer (d. 1918)
June 3, 1840 – Michael O’Laughlen, American conspirator in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1867)
June 3, 1843 – Frederick VIII of Denmark (d. 1912)
June 3, 1844 – Garret Hobart, 24th Vice President of the United States (d. 1899)
June 3, 1844 – Detlev von Liliencron, German poet (d. 1909)
June 3, 1853 – William Matthew Flinders Petrie, English Egyptologist (d. 1942)
June 3, 1864 – Otto Erich Hartleben, German writer (d. 1905)
June 3, 1864 – Ransom E. Olds, American automobile pioneer (d. 1950)
June 3, 1865 – George V of the United Kingdom (d. 1936)
June 3, 1866 – George Howells Broadhurst, English director (d. 1952)
June 3, 1873 – Otto Loewi, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (d. 1961)
June 3, 1877 – Raoul Dufy, French painter (d. 1953)
June 3, 1878 – Barney Oldfield, American race car driver (d. 1946)
June 3, 1879 – Alla Nazimova, Ukrainian-born actress, scriptwriter, and producer (d. 1945)
June 3, 1879 – Raymond Pearl, American biologist (d. 1940)
June 3, 1881 – Mikhail Larionov, Russian painter (d. 1964)
June 3, 1888 – Tom Brown, American musician (d. 1958)
June 3, 1899 – Georg von Békésy, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (d. 1972)
June 3, 1900 – Leo Picard, German-born Israeli geologist (d. 1997)
June 3, 1901 – Maurice Evans, English actor (d. 1989)
June 3, 1901 – Zhang Xueliang {d. 2001}
June 3, 1903 – Eddie Acuff, American actor (d. 1956)
June 3, 1904 – Jan Peerce, American tenor (d. 1984)
June 3, 1904 – Charles Drew,American surgeon,(d. 1950)
June 3, 1905 – Martin Gottfried Weiss, German, commandant of Dachau concentration camp (d. 1946)
June 3, 1906 – Josephine Baker, American dancer (d. 1975)
June 3, 1907 – Paul Rotha, English director (d. 1984)
June 3, 1910 – Paulette Goddard, American actress (d. 1990)
June 3, 1911 – Ellen Corby, American actress (d. 1999)
June 3, 1913 – Pedro Mir, Dominican Poet Laureate (d. 2000)
June 3, 1917 – Leo Gorcey, American actor (d. 1969)
June 3, 1918 – Patrick Cargill, English actor (d. 1996)
June 3, 1918 – Lili St. Cyr, American stripper (d. 1999)
June 3, 1921 – Forbes Carlile, Australian athlete
June 3, 1922 – Alain Resnais, French director
June 3, 1923 – Igor Shafarevich, Russian mathematician
June 3, 1924 – M. Karunanidhi, Indian Politician
June 3, 1924 – Colleen Dewhurst, Canadian actress (d. 1991)
June 3, 1924 – Ted Mallie, American radio and television announcer (d. 1999)
June 3, 1924 – Torsten Wiesel, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate
June 3, 1924 – Jimmy Rogers, American blues guitarist (d. 1997)
June 3, 1925 – Tony Curtis, American actor (d. 2010)
June 3, 1925 – Thomas Joseph Winning, Archbishop of Glasgow, Scotland (d. 2001)
June 3, 1926 – Allen Ginsberg, American poet (d. 1997)
June 3, 1927 – Boots Randolph, American saxophonist (d. 2007)
June 3, 1929 – Werner Arber, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate
June 3, 1929 – Chuck Barris, American game show host
June 3, 1930 – Marion Zimmer Bradley, American author (d. 1999)
June 3, 1930 – Dakota Staton, American jazz singer (d. 2007)
June 3, 1930 – Ben Wada, Japanese television producers
June 3, 1931 – Françoise Arnoul, French actress
June 3, 1931 – Raúl Castro, Cuban statesman
June 3, 1931 – John Norman, American author
June 3, 1931 – Lindy Remigino, American athlete
June 3, 1933 – Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifah, emir of Bahrain (d. 1999)
June 3, 1934 – Rolland D. McCune, American theologian
June 3, 1935 – Irma P. Hall, American actress
June 3, 1936 – Jim Gentile, baseball player
June 3, 1936 – Larry McMurtry, American author
June 3, 1937 – Solomon P. Ortiz, American politician
June 3, 1937 – Edward Winter, American actor (d. 2001)
June 3, 1938 – David L. Mills, American computer engineer
June 3, 1939 – Steve Dalkowski, baseball player
June 3, 1939 – Ian Hunter, English musician
June 3, 1939 – Kathleen E. Woodiwiss, American novelist
June 3, 1940 – Connie Saylor, American racecar driver (d. 1993)
June 3, 1942 – Curtis Mayfield, American musician (d. 1999)
June 3, 1943 – Billy Cunningham, American basketball player
June 3, 1944 – Edith McGuire, American runner
June 3, 1944 – Eddy Ottoz, Italian athlete
June 3, 1945 – John Derbyshire, British-American mathematician and political commentator
June 3, 1945 – Hale Irwin, American professional golfer
June 3, 1945 – Bill Paterson, British actor
June 3, 1946 – Michael Clarke, American musician (d. 1993)
June 3, 1946 – Eddie Holman, American singer
June 3, 1946 – Tristan Rogers, Australian-American actor
June 3, 1946 – Penelope Wilton, British actress
June 3, 1947 – Mickey Finn, British guitarist and percussionist (T.Rex) (d. 2003)
June 3, 1947 – Mike Burgmann, Australian racing driver (d. 1986)
June 3, 1947 – John Dykstra, American special effects supervisor
June 3, 1949 – Floyd Lloyd, Jamaican reggae singer
June 3, 1950 – Melissa Mathison, American screenwriter
June 3, 1950 – Suzi Quatro, American musician and actress
June 3, 1950 – Christos Verelis, Greek politician
June 3, 1950 – Deniece Williams, American singer
June 3, 1952 – Billy Powell, American keyboardist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 2009)
June 3, 1952 – David Richards, CBE, British motor racing entrepreneur
June 3, 1954 – Dan Hill, Canadian singer and songwriter
June 3, 1954 – Wally Weir, Quebec ice hockey player
June 3, 1956 – Brad Nessler, American sports broadcaster
June 3, 1956 – George Burley, Scottish football player and manager
June 3, 1956 – Danny Wilde, American musician (The Rembrandts)
June 3, 1957 – Horst-Ulrich Hänel, German field hockey player
June 3, 1958 – Margot Käßmann, Lutheran theologian, German bishop
June 3, 1959 – John Carlson, American talk radio host
June 3, 1961 – Lawrence Lessig, American lawyer and author
June 3, 1961 – Ed Wynne, English musician (Ozric Tentacles)
June 3, 1962 – Susannah Constantine, British fashion guru
June 3, 1963 – Rudy Demotte, Belgian politician
June 3, 1963 – Toshiaki Karasawa, Japanese actor
June 3, 1964 – Kerry King, American musician (Slayer)
June 3, 1964 – James Purefoy, British actor
June 3, 1965 – Mike Gordon, American musician (Phish)
June 3, 1965 – Jeff Blumenkrantz, American composer and actor
June 3, 1966 – Wasim Akram, Pakistani cricketer
June 3, 1967 – Anderson Cooper, American reporter, journalist and anchorman
June 3, 1967 – Jason Jones, Canadian actor
June 3, 1968 – Jamie O’Neal, American singer
June 3, 1968 – Samantha Sprackling, Nigerian singer
June 3, 1969 – Takako Minekawa, Japanese musician
June 3, 1969 – Hiroyuki Takami, Japanese musician
June 3, 1970 – Esther Hart, Dutch singer
June 3, 1970 – Julie Masse, French Canadian singer
June 3, 1970 – Peter Tägtgren, Swedish musician (Hypocrisy) and producer
June 3, 1970 – Ammon McNeely, American rock climber
June 3, 1971 – Carl Everett, American baseball player
June 3, 1971 – John Hodgman, American author and humorist
June 3, 1974 – Kelly Jones, Welsh singer (Stereophonics)
June 3, 1974 – Arianne Zucker, American actress
June 3, 1975 – Jose Molina, Puerto Rican baseball player
June 3, 1976 – Nikos Hatzis, Greek basketball player
June 3, 1976 – Enda Markey, Irish/Australian entertainer
June 3, 1976 – Jamie McMurray, American race car driver
June 3, 1976 – Yuri Ruley, American drummer
June 3, 1977 – Cristiano Marques Gomez, Brazilian footballer
June 3, 1977 – Az-Zahir Hakim, American football player
June 3, 1977 – Travis Hafner, American baseball player
June 3, 1978 – Lyfe Jennings, R&B singer and songwriter
June 3, 1980 – Amauri Carvalho de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer
June 3, 1980 – Lazaros Papadopoulos, Greek basketball player
June 3, 1981 – Sosene Anesi, New Zealand rugby player
June 3, 1981 – Salvatore Giardina, Italian footballer
June 3, 1981 – Timur Tekkal, German rugby player
June 3, 1982 – Yelena Isinbayeva, Russian pole vaulter
June 3, 1982 – Dihan Slabbert, South African singer and composer
June 3, 1983 – Janine Habeck, German model
June 3, 1984 – Emily Scott, Australian model
June 3, 1985 – Enkhbatyn Badar-Uugan, Mongolian boxer
June 3, 1986 – Al Horford, Dominican basketball player
June 3, 1986 – Alexandros Karageorgiou, Greek archer
June 3, 1986 – Rafael Nadal, Spanish tennis player
June 3, 1986 – Adrián Vallés, Spanish racing driver
June 3, 1986 – Tomas Verner, Czech ice skater
June 3, 1987 – Lalaine, American actress
June 3, 1987 – Masami Nagasawa, Japanese actress
June 3, 1987 – Michelle Keegan, British actress
June 3, 1989 – Katie Hoff, American swimmer
June 3, 1989 – Anthony Taugourdeau, French footballer
June 3, 2006 – Countess Leonore of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg, Member of the Dutch Royal Family

DIED JUNE 3RD:
June 3, 800 – Staurakios, chief minister of the Byzantine Empire
June 3, 1395 – Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria
June 3, 1397 – William Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader (b. 1328)
June 3, 1411 – Duke Leopold IV of Austria (b. 1371)
June 3, 1548 – Juan de Zumárraga, Spanish Catholic bishop of Mexico (b. 1468)
June 3, 1594 – John Aylmer, English political theorist (b. 1521)
June 3, 1615 – Sanada Yukimura, Japanese samurai (b. 1567)
June 3, 1640 – Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English politician (b. 1584)
June 3, 1657 – William Harvey, English physician (b. 1578)
June 3, 1649 – Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Portuguese historian and poet (b. 1590)
June 3, 1659 – Morgan Llwyd, Welsh Puritan preacher and writer (b. 1619)
June 3, 1780 – Thomas Hutchinson, American colonial governor of Massachusetts (b. 1711)
June 3, 1826 – Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, Russian writer (b. 1766)
June 3, 1858 – Julius Reubke, German composer (b. 1834)
June 3, 1861 – Stephen A. Douglas, American politician (b. 1813)
June 3, 1865 – Okada Izō, Japanese samurai (b. 1838)
June 3, 1875 – Georges Bizet, French composer (b. 1838)
June 3, 1877 – Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, Austrian musicologist (b. 1800)
June 3, 1882 – Christian Wilberg, German painter (b. 1839)
June 3, 1894 – Karl Eduard Zachariae, German expert on Byzantine Law (b. 1812)
June 3, 1899 – Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer (b. 1825)
June 3, 1924 – Franz Kafka, Czech novelist (b. 1883)
June 3, 1928 – Li Yüan-hung, Chinese general and political figure (b. 1864)
June 3, 1933 – William Muldoon, American wrestler (b. 1852)
June 3, 1946 – Mikhail Kalinin, Soviet politician (b. 1875)
June 3, 1955 – Barbara Graham, American murderer (b. 1923)
June 3, 1963 – Nazim Hikmet, Turkish poet (b. 1902)
June 3, 1963 – Pope John XXIII (b. 1881)
June 3, 1964 – Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Finnish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
June 3, 1970 – Hjalmar Schacht, Nazi official (b. 1877)
June 3, 1971 – Heinz Hopf, German mathematician (b. 1894)
June 3, 1973 – Dory Funk, professional wrestler (b. 1919)
June 3, 1975 – Ozzie Nelson, American band leader, producer, director, and actor (b. 1906)
June 3, 1975 – Eisaku Sato, Prime Minister of Japan, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1901)
June 3, 1977 – Archibald Vivian Hill, English physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886)
June 3, 1977 – Roberto Rossellini, Italian film director (b. 1906)
June 3, 1983 – Nanna, Rafi Khawar, Pakistani actor
June 3, 1986 – Anna Neagle, British actress (b. 1904)
June 3, 1987 – Will Sampson, American actor and artist (b. 1933)
June 3, 1989 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iranian Shi’ite leader (b. 1900)
June 3, 1989 – John McCauley, hockey official (b. 1945)
June 3, 1990 – Stiv Bators, American musician (The Dead Boys) (b. 1949)
June 3, 1990 – Robert Noyce, American inventor (b. 1927)
June 3, 1991 – Katia Krafft, French volcanologist (b. 1942)
June 3, 1991 – Maurice Krafft, French volcanologist (b. 1946)
June 3, 1991 – Takeshi Nagata, Japanese geophysicist (b. 1913)
June 3, 1992 – Robert Morley, English actor (b. 1908)
June 3, 1994 – Puig Aubert, French rugby league footballer (b. 1925)
June 3, 1997 – Dennis James, American television personality (b. 1917)
June 3, 1998 – Poul Bundgaard, Danish actor and singer (b. 1922)
June 3, 2001 – Anthony Quinn, Mexican-born actor (b. 1915)
June 3, 2003 – Felix de Weldon, Austrian sculptor (b. 1907)
June 3, 2004 – Frances Shand Kydd, mother of Diana, Princess of Wales (b. 1936)
June 3, 2004 – Quorthon, Swedish musician (Bathory) (b. 1966)
June 3, 2005 – Harold Cardinal, Cree political leader, writer, and lawyer (b. 1945)
June 3, 2006 – Johnny Grande, original accordion/piano/keyboard player for Bill Haley’s Comets (b. 1932)
June 3, 2009 – David Carradine, American actor (b. 1936)
June 3, 2009 – Koko Taylor, American blues musician (b. 1928)
June 3, 2009 – Sam Butera, American jazz musician (b. 1927)
June 3, 2010 – John Hedgecoe, English photographer (b. 1932)
June 3, 2010 – Rue McClanahan, American actress (b. 1934)

JUNE 3RD MEMORABLE EVENTS:
June 3, 350 – Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
June 3, 1098 – First Crusade: Antioch falls to the crusaders after an eight-month siege.
June 3, 1140 – French scholar Peter Abelard is found guilty of heresy.
June 3, 1326 – Treaty of Novgorod delineates borders between Russia and Norway in Finnmark.
June 3, 1539 – DeSoto claims Florida for Spain.
June 3, 1608 – Samuel de Champlain completes his third voyage to New France at Tadoussac, Quebec.
June 3, 1620 – Construction of the oldest stone church in French North America, Notre-Dame-des-Anges, begins in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
June 3, 1621 – The Dutch West India Company receives a charter for New Netherlands.
June 3, 1658 – Pope Alexander VII appoints François de Laval vicar apostolic in New France.
June 3, 1665 – James Stuart, Duke of York (later to become King James II of England) defeats the Dutch fleet off the coast of Lowestoft.
June 3, 1770 – Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo is founded in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.
June 3, 1800 – U.S. President John Adams takes up residence in Washington, D.C. (in a tavern because the White House was not yet completed).
June 3, 1839 – In Humen, China, Lin Tse-hsü destroys 1.2 million kg of opium confiscated from British merchants, providing Britain with a casus belli to open hostilities, resulting in the First Opium War.
June 3, 1850 – The traditional founding date of Kansas City, Missouri. This is the date on which it is first incorporated by Jackson County, Missouri, as the “City of Kansas”.
June 3, 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Philippi (also called the Philippi Races) – Union forces rout Confederate troops in Barbour County, Virginia, now West Virginia, in first land battle of the War.
June 3, 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Cold Harbor – Union forces attack Confederate troops in Hanover County, Virginia.
June 3, 1866 – The Fenians are driven out of Fort Erie, Ontario, into the United States.
June 3, 1885 – In the last military engagement fought on Canadian soil, Cree leader Big Bear escapes the North West Mounted Police.
June 3, 1888 – The poem “Casey at the Bat”, by Ernest Lawrence Thayer, is published in the San Francisco Examiner.
June 3, 1889 – The coast to coast Canadian Pacific Railway is completed.
June 3, 1889 – The first long-distance electric power transmission line in the United States is completed, running 14 miles between a generator at Willamette Falls and downtown Portland, Oregon.
June 3, 1916 – The Reserve Officer Training Corps or ROTC is established by the U.S. Congress.
June 3, 1916 – The National Defense Act is signed into law, increasing the size of the United States National Guard by 450,000 men.
June 3, 1932 – Lou Gehrig and teammate Tony Lazzeri hit four home runs in one game, and hit for the natural cycle, respectively. These two feats are both less common than a perfect game, which has occurred twenty one times in one hundred and twenty years.
June 3, 1935 – One thousand unemployed Canadian workers board freight cars in Vancouver, British Columbia, beginning a protest trek to Ottawa, Ontario.
June 3, 1937 – The Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson.
June 3, 1940 – World War II: The Luftwaffe bombs Paris.
June 3, 1940 – World War II: The Battle of Dunkirk ends with a German victory and with Allied forces in full retreat.
June 3, 1941 – World War II: The Wehrmacht razes the Greek village of Kandanos to the ground, killing 180 of its inhabitants.
June 3, 1950 – First successful ascent of an Eight-thousander; Annapurna is summited by Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal
June 3, 1956 – British Railways renames ‘Third Class’ passenger facilities as ‘Second Class’ (Second Class facilities had been abolished in 1875, leaving just First Class and Third Class).
June 3, 1962 – An Air France Boeing 707 charter, Chateau de Sully crashes after an aborted takeoff from Paris-Orly Airport, killing 130.
June 3, 1963 – The Buddhist crisis: Soldiers of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam attack protesting Buddhists in Huế, South Vietnam, with liquid chemicals from tear gas grenades, causing 67 people to be hospitalised for blistering of the skin and respiratory ailments.
June 3, 1963 – A Northwest Airlines DC-7 crashes in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of British Columbia, killing 101.
June 3, 1965 – Launch of Gemini 4, the first multi-day space mission by a NASA crew. Crew-member Ed White performs the first American spacewalk.
June 3, 1968 – Valerie Solanas, author of SCUM Manifesto, attempts to assassinate Andy Warhol by shooting him three times.
June 3, 1969 – Melbourne-Evans collision: Off the coast of South Vietnam, the Australian aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne cuts the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Frank E. Evans in half.
June 3, 1973 – A Soviet supersonic Tupolev Tu-144 crashes near Goussainville, France, killing 14, the first crash of a supersonic passenger aircraft.
June 3, 1979 – A blowout at the Ixtoc I oil well in the southern Gulf of Mexico causes at least 3,000,000 barrels of oil to be spilled into the waters, the worst oil spill ever recorded
June 3, 1980 – The 1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak. Seven tornadoes hit Grand Island, Nebraska takes five lives, 357 single-family homes, 33 mobile homes, 85 apartments, 49 businesses and $300 million in damages all told, according to National Weather Service and American Red Cross statistics on the deadly storm.
June 3, 1982 – The Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, is shot on a London street. He survives but is permanently paralysed.
June 3, 1984 – The Indian Army storms the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib), the most sacred shrine of Sikhism, near Amritsar.
June 3, 1989 – The government of China sends troops to force protesters out of Tiananmen Square after seven weeks of occupation.
June 3, 1989 – SkyDome is officially opened in Toronto, Ontario
June 3, 1991 – Mount Unzen erupts in Kyūshū, Japan, killing 43 people, all of them either researchers or journalists.
June 3, 1992 – Aboriginal Land Rights are granted in Australia in Mabo v Queensland (1988), a case brought by Eddie Mabo.
June 3, 1998 – Eschede train disaster: an ICE high speed train derails in Lower Saxony, Germany, causing 101 deaths.
June 3, 2006 – The union of Serbia and Montenegro comes to an end with Montenegro’s formal declaration of independence.
June 3, 2007 – USS Carter Hall engages pirates after they board the Danish ship Danica White off the coast of Somalia.

MEMORABLE QUOTE:
“These are the voyages of the Starship Enterprise. Its five-year mission… to boldly go where no man has gone before.” (Gene Roddenberry, 1967)



Warren Buffett: 20 Common Questions and Answers

Warren Buffett, the "Oracle of Omaha"

Warren Buffett, the "Oracle of Omaha"

Nicknamed the “Oracle of Omaha”, Warren Buffett is a legendary investor with an almost religious worldwide following. in 2009, Forbes ranked Mr. Buffett as the wealthiest person in the world, and Buffett is consistently ranked among the world’s wealthiest people. This posts intends to provide some quick answers to some of the most common questions about the “Sage of Omaha”.

What is your Warren Buffett I.Q.? Found out by testing your knowledge against the questionnaire below.

20 COMMON QUESTIONS AND ANSWER ABOUT WARREN BUFFETT:

1. How old is Warren Buffett?

Buffet was born August 30, 1930, so he will turn 81 in 2011.

2. Where was Warren Buffett born?

In Omaha, Nebraska.

3. Where does Warren Buffett live?

In the same town where he was born, Omaha, Nebraska.

4. What are Warren Buffett’s nicknames?

Some of the most common ones are: “Oracle of Omaha” or the “Sage of Omaha”.

5. Who is Warren Buffett married to?

In 2006, on his seventy-sixth birthday, Warren married his never-married longtime-companion, Astrid Menks, who was then sixty years old. Menks is Warren’s second wife.

6. How many children does Warren Buffett have?

Three: Susan Alice Buffett, Howard Graham Buffett, Peter Andrew Buffett.

7. What is Warren Buffett’s net worth?

According to Forbes.com, Warren Buffet’s net worth exceeds US$50 billion as of 2011.

8. What is Berkshire Hathaway?

Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (NYSE: BRK.A, BRK.B) is an American conglomerate holding company headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, United States, that oversees and manages a number of subsidiary companies.

9. Who is the Chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway?

Warren Buffet (as of 2011).

10. What is Berkshire Hathaway’s ticker symbol?

(NYSE: BRK.A, BRK.B).

11. Who is Berkshire Hathaway’s largest shareholder?

Warren Buffett.

12. What was Warren Buffett’s first wife’s name?

Susan Thompson Buffett (1952–2004).

13. What is Warren Buffett’s middle name?

Edward.

14. How tall is Warren Buffett?

About 5′ 10 (1.78 m).

15. Is Warren Buffett a democrat?

Yes.

16. Is Warren Buffett a republican?

No.

17. Who wrote the book ” The Warren Buffett Way”?

Robert Hagstrom.

18. How much money has Warren Buffett pledged to charity?

Buffett is a notable philanthropist, having pledged to give away 99 percent of his fortune to philanthropic causes, primarily via the Gates Foundation.

19. How old was Buffett when he bought three shares of Cities Service Preferred for himself, and three for his sister?

11 years old.

20. When did Buffett become a billionaire ?

Buffett became a billionaire on paper when Berkshire Hathaway began selling class A shares on May 29, 1990, when the market closed at $7,175 a share.



Scripophily: 10 Ways to Find Value in Old Stock and Bond Certificates

What is Scripophily?

What is Scripophily?


Scripophily is an enchanting area in the field of Numismatics. It is the hobby of collecting old stocks and bond certificates. Hobbyists from all over the world preserve these documents and value them for their antiquated features, ornate beauty, engravings, historic relevance and popularity. It is incredible how these enthusiasts realize the value of these stocks and bond certificates.


In case you are wondering how it is done, here are the 10 aspects that help to estimate the value of these certificates.

1. The most basic test to check the value of a stock certificate is to have a good look at its physical condition. Collectors follow a grading system to have a consensus on the physical condition of the document. A stock certificate can be categorized according to its quality as uncirculated, extremely fine, very fine, fine, fair and poor.

2. Like an antique, the value of a stock and bond certificate depends upon its age. It is not a hard and fast rule but usually, the value of the older certificates is higher.

3. Factors of historic relevance such as the scandals associated with the company, a stock that was first of its kind or news that made waves during that era, act as value adding factors.

4. Just like precious stones and metals, the rarity and demand of a stock certificate increases its value.

5. The stock is valuable if it has an association with a famous name like an influential personality, a famous person who printed that particular certificate or a famous bank.

6. Sometimes, the cancellation markings on a stock certificate act as an asset to its physical appearance making it seem more interesting to the enthusiasts.

7. Presence of valuable transfer and tax stamps on a certificate hikes its charm.

8. The type and quality of the engravings and paper used to print the certificate is also significant. Watermarks add a fascinating touch to the authenticity of these certificates.

9. Signatures and names of the owners have their own value-adding contribution.

10. The value of the issued stocks is higher that the unissued ones.



June 2nd In History: It Happened Today

Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II

Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II

The following is your daily snapshot of what happened on this day in history, June 2nd. On this day in history, June 2, 1953, London came to a standstill for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. The Princess Elizabeth was in Kenya when her father, King George VI, died on February 6, 1952. She flew home immediately and was proclaimed Queen shortly afterward.


BORN JUNE 2ND:
June 2, 926 – Murakami, Emperor of Japan (d. 967)
June 2, 1535 – Pope Leo XI (d. 1605)
June 2, 1731 – Martha Washington, First American first lady (d. 1802)
June 2, 1740 – Marquis de Sade, French author (d. 1814)
June 2, 1743 – Count Alessandro di Cagliostro, Sicilian Occultist (d. 1795)
June 2, 1773 – John Randolph, U.S. Senator from Virginia (d. 1833)
June 2, 1774 – William Lawson, explorer of New South Wales, Australia (d. 1850)
June 2, 1815 – Philip Kearny, American general (d. 1862)
June 2, 1823 – Gédéon Ouimet, French Canadian politician (d. 1905)
June 2, 1835 – Pope Pius X (d. 1914)
June 2, 1838 – Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna (d. 1900)
June 2, 1840 – Thomas Hardy, English writer (d. 1928)
June 2, 1857 – Edward Elgar, English composer (d. 1934)
June 2, 1857 – Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919)
June 2, 1863 – Felix Weingartner, Yugoslavian conductor (d. 1942)
June 2, 1865 – George Lohmann, English cricketer (d. 1901)
June 2, 1869 – Jack O’Connor, American baseball player (d. 1937)
June 2, 1875 – Charles Stewart Mott, automotive industrialist and mayor (d. 1973)
June 2, 1887 – Howard Johnson, American songwriter (d. 1941)
June 2, 1891 – Thurman Arnold, American attorney and jurist (d. 1969)
June 2, 1891 – Takijirō Ōnishi, Japanese WWII figure (d. 1945)
June 2, 1899 – Lotte Reiniger, German film director (d. 1981)
June 2, 1904 – Frank Runacres, English artist (d. 1974)
June 2, 1904 – Johnny Weissmuller, American swimmer and actor (d. 1984)
June 2, 1907 – Dorothy West, American writer (d. 1998)
June 2, 1907 – John Lehmann, English poet, editor, and publisher (d. 1987)
June 2, 1913 – Walter Andreas Schwarz, German singer and author (d. 1992)
June 2, 1913 – Barbara Pym, English novelist (d. 1980)
June 2, 1915 – Walter Tetley, American voice actor (d. 1975)
June 2, 1915 – Alexandru Nicolschi, Romanian communist (d. 1992)
June 2, 1917 – Heinz Sielmann, German photographer and filmmaker (d. 2006)
June 2, 1918 – Ruth Atkinson, American cartoonist (d. 1997)
June 2, 1918 – Kathryn Tucker Windham, American writer and storyteller
June 2, 1919 – Nat Mayer Shapiro, American painter (d. 2005)
June 2, 1920 – Frank G. Clement, Governor of Tennessee (d. 1969)
June 2, 1920 – Marcel Reich-Ranicki, Polish-born critic
June 2, 1920 – Tex Schramm, American football team president and general manager (d. 2003)
June 2, 1920 – Johnny Speight, British television writer (d. 1998)
June 2, 1921 – Betty Freeman, American philanthropist and photographer (d. 2009)
June 2, 1922 – Charlie Sifford, American golfer
June 2, 1922 – Juan Antonio Bardem, Spanish director and screenwriter (d. 2002)
June 2, 1924 – June Callwood, Canadian journalist and activist (d. 2007)
June 2, 1926 – Milo O’Shea, Irish actor
June 2, 1926 – Chiyonoyama Masanobu, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 41st Yokozuna (d. 1977)
June 2, 1927 – W. Watts Biggers, American novelist and animator
June 2, 1929 – Norton Juster, American author and architect
June 2, 1929 – Ken McGregor, Australian tennis player (d. 2007)
June 2, 1930 – Pete Conrad, American astronaut (d. 1999)
June 2, 1930 – Bob Lillis, baseball player
June 2, 1931 – Larry Jackson, baseball player (d. 1990)
June 2, 1931 – William Donaldson, American businessman and politician
June 2, 1932 – Sammy Turner, American singer
June 2, 1934 – Johnny Carter, American doo wop singer (d. 2009)
June 2, 1935 – Carol Shields, American-born novelist (d. 2003)
June 2, 1935 – Roger Brierley, English actor (d. 2005)
June 2, 1935 – Dimitri Kitsikis, Greek turkologist
June 2, 1937 – Sally Kellerman, American actress
June 2, 1937 – Jimmy Jones, American singer and songwriter
June 2, 1937 – Robert Paul, Canadian figure skater
June 2, 1938 – Kevin Brownlow, English film historian and author
June 2, 1940 – King Constantine II of Greece
June 2, 1941 – Stacy Keach, American actor
June 2, 1941 – Charlie Watts, English musician (The Rolling Stones)
June 2, 1941 – William Guest, American singer (Gladys Knight & the Pips)
June 2, 1941 – Jeff Winkless, American voice actor (d. 2006)
June 2, 1942 – Maree Cheatham, American actress
June 2, 1943 – Charles Haid, American actor
June 2, 1943 – Ilaiyaraaja, Indian composer
June 2, 1944 – Marvin Hamlisch, American composer and musician
June 2, 1945 – Jane Bonnie Newman, American politician
June 2, 1945 – Jon Peters, American film producer and hairdresser
June 2, 1946 – Peter Sutcliffe, English serial killer
June 2, 1946 – Lasse Hallström, Swedish film director
June 2, 1946 – Song Dae Kwan, Korean singer
June 2, 1947 – Mark Elder, British opera and symphony conductor
June 2, 1948 – Jerry Mathers, American actor
June 2, 1949 – Heather Couper, British astronomer
June 2, 1949 – Frank Rich, American theater critic and columnist
June 2, 1950 – Joanna Gleason, Canadian actress and singer


June 2, 1951 – Larry Robinson, Canadian hockey player
June 2, 1952 – Gary Bettman, American National Hockey League commissioner
June 2, 1953 – Keith Allen, Welsh comedian, actor, singer and writer
June 2, 1953 – Craig Stadler, American golfer
June 2, 1953 – Cornel West, American civil rights activist
June 2, 1954 – Dennis Haysbert, American actor
June 2, 1955 – Michael Steele, American musician (The Bangles)
June 2, 1955 – Chantal Hochuli, Swiss-born socialite
June 2, 1955 – Dana Carvey, American actor
June 2, 1956 – Mani Ratnam, Indian director
June 2, 1956 – Malcolm Garrett, English graphic designer
June 2, 1957 – Mark Lawrenson, English football commentator
June 2, 1957 – Jonathan Stack, American documentary filmmaker
June 2, 1958 – Lawrence Pfohl, American professional wrestler
June 2, 1959 – Charlie Huddy, Canadian hockey player
June 2, 1959 – Lydia Lunch, American singer
June 2, 1960 – Kyle Petty, American race car driver
June 2, 1960 – Tony Hadley, English singer (Spandau Ballet)
June 2, 1961 – Dez Cadena, American musician (Black Flag)
June 2, 1963 – Jim Burns, American entrepreneur
June 2, 1964 – Caroline Link, German film director and screenwriter
June 2, 1965 – Jim Knipfel, American autobiographer and journalist
June 2, 1965 – Mark Waugh Australian cricketer
June 2, 1965 – Steve Waugh, Australian cricketer
June 2, 1966 – Pedro Guerra, Spanish songwriter and singer
June 2, 1967 – Mike Stanton, American baseball player
June 2, 1968 – Beetlejuice, American radio personality
June 2, 1968 – Jon Culshaw, British comedian
June 2, 1969 – Cy Chadwick, English actor
June 2, 1970 – Andy McCollum, American football player
June 2, 1970 – B-Real, American rapper (Cypress Hill)
June 2, 1971 – Anthony Montgomery, American actor
June 2, 1971 – Kateřina Jacques, Czech politician
June 2, 1971 – Jo Koy, Filipino-American comedian
June 2, 1972 – Wayne Brady, American actor and comedian
June 2, 1972 – Raúl Ibáñez, American baseball player
June 2, 1972 – Wentworth Miller, American actor
June 2, 1972 – Simon Staho, Danish film director
June 2, 1973 – Neifi Perez, Dominican baseball player
June 2, 1974 – Matt Serra, American mixed martial artist
June 2, 1974 – Gata Kamsky, American chess player
June 2, 1976 – Earl Boykins, American basketball player
June 2, 1976 – Tim Rice-Oxley, English musician (Keane)
June 2, 1976 – Martin Čech, Czech ice hockey player (d. 2007)
June 2, 1976 – Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira, Brazilian mixed martial artist
June 2, 1976 – Queen ‘Masenate Mohato Seeiso of Lesotho
June 2, 1977 – Zachary Quinto, American actor
June 2, 1978 – Dominic Cooper, English actor
June 2, 1978 – Nikki Cox, American actress
June 2, 1978 – Justin Long, American actor
June 2, 1978 – A.J. Styles, American professional wrestler
June 2, 1979 – Morena Baccarin, Brazilian-born American actress
June 2, 1980 – Fabrizio Moretti, Brazilian-born rock drummer (The Strokes)
June 2, 1980 – Bobby Simmons, American basketball player
June 2, 1980 – Abby Wambach, American soccer player
June 2, 1981 – Nikolay Davydenko, Russian professional tennis player
June 2, 1981 – Chin-hui Tsao, Taiwanese baseball player
June 2, 1982 – Jewel Staite, Canadian actress
June 2, 1982 – Abdulkadir Kocak, Turkish boxer
June 2, 1983 – Christopher Higgins, American ice hockey player
June 2, 1983 – Brooke White, American singer
June 2, 1983 – Leela James, American singer-songwriter
June 2, 1984 – Max Boyer, Canadian professional wrestler
June 2, 1985 – Ana Cristina, American singer, composer, and actress
June 2, 1987 – Darin Zanyar, Swedish singer
June 2, 1988 – Sergio Agüero, Argentinian footballer
June 2, 1988 – Patrik Berglund, Swedish ice hockey player
June 2, 1989 – Freddy Adu, Ghanaian-American footballer
June 2, 1989 – Steven Smith, Australian international cricketer
June 2, 1990 – Brittany Curran, American actress
June 2, 1994 – Jemma McKenzie-Brown, British actress

DIED JUNE 2ND:
June 2, 829 – Saint Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 758)
June 2, 910 – Richilde of Provence, Queen of Western Francia (b. 845)
June 2, 1418 – Katherine of Lancaster, wife of Henry III of Castile (b. 1373)
June 2, 1567 – Shane O’Neill, Irish chieftain (b. 1530)
June 2, 1581 – James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, regent of Scotland (b. 1525)
June 2, 1693 – John Wildman, English soldier and politician (b. 1621)
June 2, 1701 – Madeleine de Scudéry, French writer (b. 1607)
June 2, 1716 – Ogata Korin, Japanese painter (b. 1658)
June 2, 1720 – Jeremiah Shepard, American minister (b. 1648)
June 2, 1754 – Ebenezer Erskine, Scottish religious dissenter (b. 1680)
June 2, 1761 – Jonas Alströmer, Swedish industrialist (b. 1685)
June 2, 1785 – Jean Paul de Gua de Malves, French mathematician (b. 1713)
June 2, 1806 – William Tate, English painter (b. 1747)
June 2, 1833 – Simon Byrne, Irish bare-knuckle prize fighter (b. 1806)
June 2, 1853 – Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre, British peer and soldier (b. 1777)
June 2, 1865 – Ner Alexander Middleswarth, American politician (b. 1783)
June 2, 1875 – Józef Kremer, Polish messianistic philosopher (b. 1806)
June 2, 1876 – Hristo Botev, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1848)
June 2, 1881 – Émile Littré, French lexicographer (b. 1801)
June 2, 1882 – Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian revolutionarist (b. 1807)
June 2, 1901 – George Leslie Mackay, Canadian missionary (b. 1844)
June 2, 1933 – Frank Jarvis, American athlete (b. 1878)
June 2, 1937 – Louis Vierne, French organist and composer (b. 1870)
June 2, 1941 – Lou Gehrig, American baseball player (b. 1903)
June 2, 1942 – Bunny Berigan, American jazz musician (b. 1908)
June 2, 1948 – Viktor Brack, German physician (b. 1904)
June 2, 1948 – Karl Brandt, personal physician of Adolf Hitler (b. 1904)
June 2, 1948 – Karl Gebhardt, German doctor (b. 1897)
June 2, 1948 – Waldemar Hoven, German physician (b. 1903)
June 2, 1948 – Wolfram Sievers, German SS officer (b. 1905)
June 2, 1956 – Jean Hersholt, Danish actor and humanitarian (b. 1886)
June 2, 1961 – George S. Kaufman, American playwright (b. 1889)
June 2, 1962 – Vita Sackville-West, English writer, and gardener (b. 1892)
June 2, 1967 – Benno Ohnesorg, German student (b. 1940)
June 2, 1968 – André Mathieu, Quebec pianist and composer (b. 1929)
June 2, 1969 – Leo Gorcey, American actor (b. 1917)
June 2, 1970 – Albert Lamorisse, French film director and screenwriter (b. 1922)
June 2, 1970 – Bruce McLaren, New Zealand car racer and designer (b. 1937)
June 2, 1970 – Giuseppe Ungaretti, Italian poet (b. 1888)
June 2, 1974 – Hiroshi Kazato, Japanese racing driver (b. 1949)
June 2, 1976 – Kenneth Mason, British geographer (b. 1887)
June 2, 1976 – Juan José Torres, former President of Bolivia (b. 1920)
June 2, 1977 – Albert Bittlmayer, German footballer (b. 1952)
June 2, 1977 – Stephen Boyd, Northern Irish actor (b. 1931)
June 2, 1979 – Jim Hutton, American actor (b. 1934)
June 2, 1982 – Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, Pakistani politician (b. 1904)
June 2, 1983 – Stan Rogers, Canadian musician (b. 1949)
June 2, 1984 – Georgios Kasassoglou, Greek musician (b. 1908)
June 2, 1986 – Aurèle Joliat, Canadian hockey player (b. 1901)
June 2, 1987 – Anthony de Mello, Indian Jesuit priest and psychotherapist (b. 1931)
June 2, 1987 – Sammy Kaye, American bandleader (b. 1910)
June 2, 1987 – Andrés Segovia, Spanish guitarist (b. 1893)
June 2, 1988 – Raj Kapoor, Indian film actor, producer and director (b. 1924)
June 2, 1989 – Ted a’Beckett, Australian cricketer (b. 1907)
June 2, 1990 – Jack Gilford, American actor (b. 1908)
June 2, 1990 – Rex Harrison, English actor (b. 1908)
June 2, 1992 – Phillip Dunne, American film director (b. 1908)
June 2, 1993 – Johnny Mize, American baseball player (b. 1913)
June 2, 1994 – David Stove, Australian philosopher (b. 1927)
June 2, 1996 – John Alton, American cinematographer (b. 1901)
June 2, 1996 – Ray Combs, American game show host and comedian (b. 1956)
June 2, 1996 – Leon Garfield, English children’s author (b. 1921)
June 2, 1996 – Amos Tversky, Israeli psychologist (b. 1937)
June 2, 1997 – Doc Cheatham, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1905)
June 2, 1998 – Sylvester Ritter, American wrestler (b. 1952)
June 2, 1999 – Junior Braithwaite, Jamaican musician (The Wailers) (b. 1949)
June 2, 2000 – Svyatoslav Fyodorov, Russian ophthalmologist (b. 1927)
June 2, 2000 – Gerald Whitrow, British mathematician (b. 1912)
June 2, 2001 – Imogene Coca, American actress (b. 1908)
June 2, 2001 – Frank Stagg, Baptist theologian (b. 1911)
June 2, 2001 – Joey Maxim, American boxer (b. 1922)
June 2, 2003 – Fred Blassie, American professional wrestler (b. 1918)
June 2, 2004 – Loyd Sigmon, American amateur radio broadcaster (b. 1909)
June 2, 2005 – Gunder Gundersen, Norwegian skier and sports official (b. 1930)
June 2, 2005 – Chloe Jones, Model and pornographic actress (b. 1975)
June 2, 2005 – Samir Kassir, Lebanese journalist and teacher (b. 1950)
June 2, 2005 – Melita Norwood, British spy (b. 1912)
June 2, 2006 – Keith Smith, English rugby player (b. 1952)
June 2, 2006 – Vince Welnick, musician, keyboardist (The Grateful Dead) (b. 1951)
June 2, 2007 – Huang Ju, Chinese Vice-Premier (b. 1938)
June 2, 2007 – Kentarō Haneda, Japanese composer (b. 1949)
June 2, 2008 – Bo Diddley, American musician (b. 1928)
June 2, 2008 – Mel Ferrer, American actor, film director and film producer (b. 1917)
June 2, 2009 – David Eddings, American fantasy writer (b. 1931)

JUNE 2ND MEMORABLE EVENTS:
June 2, 455 – Sack of Rome: The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks
June 2, 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city. The second siege would later start on June 7.
June 2, 1615 – First Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France.
June 2, 1692 – Bridget Bishop is the first person to go to trial in the Salem witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts. Found guilty, she is hanged on June 10.
June 2, 1763 – Pontiac’s Rebellion: At what is now Mackinaw City, Michigan, Chippewas capture Fort Michilimackinac by diverting the garrison’s attention with a game of lacrosse, then chasing a ball into the fort.
June 2, 1774 – Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act is enacted, allowing a governor in colonial America to house British soldiers in uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings if suitable quarters are not provided.
June 2, 1793 – Jean-Paul Marat recites the names of 29 people to the French National Convention. Almost all of these people are guillotined, followed by 17,000 more over the course of the next year during the Reign of Terror.
June 2, 1835 – P. T. Barnum and his circus start their first tour of the United States.
June 2, 1848 – The Slavic congress in Prague begins.
June 2, 1855 – The Portland Rum Riot occurs in Portland, Maine.
June 2, 1876 – Hristo Botev, a national revolutionary of Bulgaria, is killed in Stara Planina
June 2, 1886 – U.S. President Grover Cleveland marries Frances Folsom in the White House, becoming the only president to wed in the executive mansion.
June 2, 1896 – Guglielmo Marconi applies for a patent for his newest invention: the radio.
June 2, 1909 – Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.
June 2, 1924 – U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signs the Indian Citizenship Act into law, granting citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States.
June 2, 1925 – Because of a lineup revision by Miller Huggins, Wally Pipp is replaced by Lou Gehrig at first base for the New York Yankees, beginning a streak of 2,130 consecutive games played, topped only by Cal Ripken, Jr. in 1995. Exactly 16 years later to the day, in 1941, Gehrig dies from Amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
June 2, 1941 – World War II: German paratoopers murder Greek civilians in the village of Kondomari.
June 2, 1946 – Birth of the Italian Republic: In a referendum, Italians vote to turn Italy from a monarchy into a Republic. After the referendum the king of Italy Umberto II di Savoia is exiled.
June 2, 1953 – The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, who is crowned Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories & Head of the Commonwealth, the first major international event to be televised.
June 2, 1955 – The USSR and Yugoslavia sign the Belgrade declaration and thus normalize relations between both countries, discontinued since 1948.
June 2, 1966 – Surveyor program: Surveyor 1 lands in Oceanus Procellarum on the Moon, becoming the first U.S. spacecraft to soft land on another world.
June 2, 1967 – Luis Monge is executed in Colorado’s gas chamber, in the last pre-Furman execution in the United States.
June 2, 1967 – Protests in West Berlin against the arrival of the Shah of Iran turn into riots, during which Benno Ohnesorg is killed by a police officer. His death results in the founding of the terrorist group Movement 2 June.
June 2, 1979 – Pope John Paul II first official visit to his native Poland, becoming the first Pope to visit a Communist country.
June 2, 1984 – Operation Bluestar, a military offensive, is launched by the Indian government at Harmandir Sahib, also known as Golden Temple, the holiest shrine for the Sikhs, in Amritsar. The operation continues until June 6 with casualties, most of them civilians, in excess of 5,000.
June 2, 1990 – The Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak spawns 66 confirmed tornadoes in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, killing 12. Petersburg, Indiana, is the hardest-hit town in the outbreak, with 6 deaths.
June 2, 1995 – United States Air Force Captain Scott O’Grady’s F-16 is shot down over Bosnia while patrolling the NATO no-fly zone.
June 2, 1997 – In Denver, Colorado, Timothy McVeigh is convicted on 15 counts of murder and conspiracy for his role in the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
June 2, 1999 – The Bhutan Broadcasting Service brings television transmissions to the Kingdom for the first time.
June 2, 2003 – Europe launches its first voyage to another planet, Mars. The European Space Agency’s Mars Express probe launches from the Baikonur space centre in Kazakhstan.
June 2, 2004 – Ken Jennings begins his 74-game winning streak on the syndicated game show Jeopardy!

MEMORABLE QUOTE:
“The British Constitution has always been puzzling and always will be.” (Queen Elizabeth II)



10 Things You Should Know About the New York Stock Exchange

The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

Situated at the glorious financial hub, Wall Street, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the premier listing stock exchange. Due to its high listing standards, it is preferred by the world’s leading large- and medium-sized companies.


Here are ten facts about the New York Stock Exchange that you shouldn’t miss.

1. With a market capitalization of US$ 13.39 trillion (as of December 2010), the New York Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange in the world.

2. It is the most liquid cash equities exchange in the world. The daily trading volume in 2008 was U.S. $153 billion.

3. It is operated by NYSE Euronext.

4. It originally began its operations on May 17, 1792 under a buttonwood tree located outside of 68 Wall Street. The trading agreement, named as the Buttonwood Agreement, was signed by 24 stock brokers.

5. In 1978, the main building of NYSE was designated a National Historic Landmark because of its eventful history. It is strategically located at 18 Broad Street between the corners of Wall Street and Exchange Place.

6. NYSE is known for being the first to launch the best available technology. The Ticker was first launched by NYSE in 1867. Other technological upgrades such as telephones, automated quotation service, radio pagers, electronic ticker display boards, Designated Order Turnaround (DOT) System, Intermarket Trading System (ITS), and Wireless Data System followed in the later decades. The more recent technological systems, namely NYSE Direct+® (launched in the year 2000), NYSE OpenBook (2002) and NYSE Hybrid Market (2005) have been exemplary.

7. Sometimes referred to as ‘the Big Board’, the NYSE operates from Monday through Friday between 9:30 A.M. to 4 P.M. ET.

8. The indexes at the NYSE are NYSE Composite, Dow Jones Industrial Average and S&P 500.

9. The trading takes place in a continuous auction format. The traders, specialist brokers and member firms all work in tandem to execute trades in an open outcry fashion.

10. Currently, most of the NYSE stocks are traded via its high-tech electronic trading system called Hybrid Market.



10 Things You Should Know About the NASDAQ Stock Exchange

The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ)

The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ)The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ)

A U.S. based Stock Exchange; NASDAQ (abbreviation for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is the largest electronic stock market for equity securities in the U.S. It stands apart from the other stock exchanges because of its trendsetting capabilities. NASDAQ has usually been the first to explore and develop most of the current concepts of how stock markets operate.


Below are the ten things that will make you appreciate NASDAQ even more.

1. Amongst the global counterparts; the NASDAQ ranks first in trading volume and second in terms of market capitalization.

2. NASDAQ was founded by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) in the year 1971. The association later on disengaged itself from the stock exchange by selling it off in parts throughout the years 2000 and 2001.

3. Trading at NASDAQ commenced on February 8, 1971.

4. With its computer bulletin board set-up, it was the world’s first electronic stock market. It was a rung above the Over-the-Counter trading markets. The year 1987 saw NASDAQ replacing the old telephonic trading systems with the more efficient Small Order Execution System (SOES) where trades were honored and monitored in a better way.

5. On July 2, 2002, the owner of this stock exchange giant, NASDAQ OMX Group, got themselves listed on their own stock exchange under the ticker symbol NASDAQ: NDAQ.

6. It was the first stock market to introduce and facilitate online trading that is so common today.

7. It is regulated by Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).

8. In 1992, NASDAQ built the first intercontinental linkage of securities markets by joining with the London Stock Exchange. In 2000, NASDAQ went public and was renamed as NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc. It became a licensed national exchange in 2006.

9. In order to get listed on NASDAQ, a company must meet the eligibility requirements such as minimum capital, assets, and shareholding structure. It must have at least three market makers. It must be registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

10. NASDAQ quotes are categorized in three levels. The highest bid and lowest offer, i.e. the inside quote is listed under level 1. The public quotes of market makers, the information related to market dealers, and latest executed orders are listed under level 2. The market makers use level 3 to place quotations and execute orders.

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